Summary of America's 1 percent problem Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Summary of America's 1 percent problem - Essay Example since they had numerous investments, they were able to recover pretty soon and were already enjoying the fruits of the additional income once the recession ended by 2010. Arguments have been made for and against this increase in the inequality gap and the consequences it is bound to elicit. The truth of the matter however remains and that is the fact that the rich are continuing to be rich hence owning almost everything in the country while the poor and now the middleclass are becoming poorer and poorer by the day and the government is only aggravating this through its cut throat policies meant to benefit the haves who are the minority. This trend will make the US lose its economic superpower position to other nations that actually care about the whole nation in such a way that they are trying ways to reduce the gap between the rich and the poor for future social and political stability and not only economic stability. America should borrow a leaf from some of these nations such as Brazil otherwise the near future presents only doom for the nation in

Changing roles of men and women in Australia

Changing roles of men and women in Australia Right, role, freedom for women and changing role between men and women was questioned in today society. Especially in Australia a very multicultural nation where one in four of its 22 million people were born overseas, have a parent who was and four million speak a language other than English. This essay will point out shifting roles of men and women by examining womens rights in different aspects of that multicultural society such as Health, Work, Politics, Popular culture, Home family and Education. Let go back to the 1930s. At that time, the men worked and earned money. The fathers were usually far away from their children. Whereas, the women just stayed at home and took care of home and children. It was generally accepted that womens roles were as Kindergartener and home-keeper. In the other words their destiny were getting married, having Childs and dedicating their lives to the requests of their husbands and children. This was part of the culture that men and women understood their places in society and accepted it. Furthermore, it was believed that if women work after the marriage, they were slack in their responsibility to their husbands and children. It also could be seen as being lax their obligation to the nation. This is because at those days evolving the number of the nations population was one of the most important problems. Therefore, people believed that settling the countrys population was womens duty. For these reasons just unmarried women often had good jobs. A working married woman was considered to be taking a mans job, however they were paid less than men. In addition to, Marriage and divorce laws favored men in terms of custody of children and rights to property. All of those were these sorts of inequalities. In the Second World War shortages of labour caused by so many men joining the armed forces opened the door for many more women to work. That was the beginning of change. Many women took up jobs that had previouslydominated by males such as Politics, military affairs, scientific research. Moreover standards of living changed. Technology has developed and it was reforming peoples lifestyles and domestic roles were altered by the invention of washing machines, vacuum cleaners and electricity. For many women this helped to save a lot of time in housework. Therefore since they have more great opportunities to study and contribute for society and following their interest. Many women have now reached higher situations within politics, the occupations and even business in Australia. Further more the introduction of the contraceptive tablet allowed people to more easily plan their families and decide to space their children. That brought a decrease in the number of children in each family. It also allowed married women to pursue careers without the worry of pregnancy interfering with their plans. In addition, much laws has been put in place that purpose to make equal opportunities for women in the workspace, such as good pay, childcare, anti-discrimination and rules against sexual harassment. For example during the 1980s women took leading roles in the nations affairs. In 1981 Senator Janine Haines became the first woman leader of a major political party-the Australia democrats. In 1986 Justice marry Gaudron was the first women to become a judge of the High court and 1989 Rosemary Follett became the first female chief minister of the ACT (Bereson 2001, p.3). And recently Julia was first sworn as the 27th Prime Minister of Australia on 24 June 2010. She was not born in Australia but she is a migrant. This event does not only mean but also confirms the great role of women in Australian society. As a results Australia has become one of the first nations in the world giving women the rights to vote and to be seated in parliament. From that the women in Australia now achieved higher positions within politics. It is no longer considered that these opportunities are not available to women. Indeed Besides politics, women also more successful in many different fields such as art and culture, sports, even in business. For example Louise Sauvage won a gold medal in Sydney Olympic Games 2000 (Costain 2003, P.4). Robin Archer-a woman of many talented she is a singer, writer and a director. She was artistic Director at Melbourne festival art in 2003 (Costain 2003, P.12). Even very traditional organizations such as religion, churches have changed their attitudes towards women, for example the Anglican Church in the mid-1980s in Melbourne accepted women to be ordained as ministers. Today in secondary schools and universities more women than men educated, and more women than men advanced in bachelor degrees in university. In 2006, women make up for 54.8 per cent of all tertiary education students and 47.5 per cent of all students enrolled in training courses and vocational education. The common were joined in society and culture, management and commerce, hospitality, food indust ries, and personal services courses. Also there are more than 30 per cent of small business operators in Australia are women. Women hold 57 per cent the Australian public service workforce and 36 per cent of senior executive situations. (Women-towards equality) The changing roles of women and greater participation in all levels of society, has led to the role of men to change. Men are now expected to be part of a household management team. In the other word they are ready to share domestic work with their wife. That never ever happened in 1930s. This has caused anxiety in men with traditional backgrounds. They are not sure of their roles any more. However In fact, women are still in a tougher situation than men when it approaches to vocations and work in general. Child care can be difficult to secure and is often too costly. For example if a child is ill it is usually the mother who will be likely to take their time off work to take care them. The greater responsibilities of teaching children, which are still considered womens responsibilities, mean that it is so tough for women to get full-time work especially in jobs requiring overtime. Because of this, instead of full time women usually have to do casual jobs or part-time. Most of these works are not career-orientated positions, so it is not realizable for women to reach higher positions in their work. Furthermore womens attendance is especially strong throughout common culture. Womens image in film clips, movies, magazines, television shows, newspapers and even news programmers is often as a sexualized decoration. There for Women have often been discriminated against, esp ecially on sexual harassment, even at work. Ultimately, any change also has two sides. Although the position of women in Australia society has been confirmed, it also means their responsibility is heavier. Especially in some fields that require physical strengths, superior skills and health. These things women are inferior to men. However all string of success mentioned above helped to break down traditional ideas about what women could or could not do. It made women more visible in public society and enabled them to lead lives that were much nearer to mens lives in standings of liberty and selection.

Mary Catherine Batesons Improvisation In a Persian Garden, Annie Dilla

Mary Catherine Bateson's Improvisation In a Persian Garden, Annie Dillard's Seeing and Leslie Marmon Silko's Landscape, History, and the Pueblo Imagination This paper will analyze Improvisation In a Persian Garden (Mary Catherine Bateson), Seeing (Annie Dillard), and Landscape, History, and the Pueblo Imagination (Leslie Marmon Silko). Going through the Purpose, audience, context, ethics, and stance of each author’s piece. All three stories show the reader what each author sees. All three authors write of an event that took place in their individual lives. Both Dillard and Bateson go back and forth between the past and the present, while Silko talks of events that took place only in the past. In Seeing, Annie Dillard writes about the things people do not see, and the things people choose to see. Dillard does this to make the reader aware of what is around them. People have the attitude of â€Å"what you see is what you get.† (Dillard pg. 13) Dillard believes that people do not actually want to see what is really there. That people only want to see what makes them happy. Dillard goes on to discuss all the things we see and do not see, ending by stating â€Å"if we are blinded by darkness, we are also blinded by light†. (Dillard Pg.17) Dillard is saying that if you look hard enough there is always something to see. Improvisation in a Persian Garden Bateson wants the reader to see, how adults do not always see things better than children. The author (Bateson) is trying to explain the sacrifice of a sheep to her two-year-old daughter. The author wants other parents to have an idea, as to how to educate a young child in this sort of situation. Bateson begins to notice that she too is learning something for the first time â€Å"beca... ...ose to see, and start seeing what you are afraid to see. In Improvisation in a Persian Garden Bateson writes as herself twenty years earlier. Dillard takes a different view writing not as herself but as a child. Silko writes in the present state with memories of what was heard as a child. Each story is dealing with how people see different things and why. Bateson and Dillard are the most alike with Silko being the most different. The first two both describe everything around them. Silko describes what she hears not sees through his own eyes. Works Cited Anne Dillard, Seeing, A Sense of Place, Forbes Custom Publishing 1999 Leslie Marmon Silko, Landscape, History, and the Pueblo Imagination, A Sense of Place, Forbes Custom Publishing 1999 Mary Catherine Bateson, Improvisation in a Persian Garden, A Sense of Place, Forbes Custom Publishing 1999

Family in African-American Literature Essay

In literary pieces such as Alice Walker’s story â€Å"Everyday Use†, Langston Hughes’ â€Å"My People†, and Robert Hayden’s poem â€Å"Those Winter Sundays†, the theme of family relationships is significantly evident. In â€Å"Everyday Use†, Walker presents one stage and aspect of a family life when one adult child chooses to live on her own while the other one stays with the family. Hughes’ poem portrays his love for his people which he considers to be a family as a whole. Meanwhile, Hayden’s â€Å"Those Winter Sundays†, talks about the narration and description of a boy about his father whom he is not well acquainted with. As the first piece speaks of a story about a family in relation to their heritage, the latter speaks of a boy’s reminiscence of a father who was never able to show his love directly to his children. These two aspects of family relationships reveal several angles to look upon.   Such family situations are influenced by authors’ own race and heritage. Alice Walker portrays the story of a fully grown-up daughter, Dee, who goes back to home to her home to visit her mother, Mrs. Johnson and her younger sister, Maggie. She arrives accompanied by an African American Muslim man who is currently dating her. She comes home to collect some family possessions which she intends to turn into artistic pieces to be exhibited in a museum. Meanwhile, her sister Maggie grimaces as her sister takes some of their personal belongings including a quilt that her mother has promised to give her as a wedding present. Dee tells her mother that Maggie would only ruin the quilt by using it everyday which puzzles Mrs. Johnson as she could not think of any way to use the quilt than to spread them. When Mrs. Johnson sees the sadness in her younger daughter’s eyes upon Dee taking the quilt, she snatches it away and gives it to Maggie. Dee walks away after claiming that their problem is they do not understand their own heritage (Walker). In this story, Walker portrays a family whose eldest daughter has become estranged from them. In the first part of the story, Mrs. Johnson recounts how Dee had hated living in their house and even almost set it on fire when she was young. The concept of a dysfunctional family is quite present here; however, it focuses more on the mother-child relationship rather than every member of the family. It is important to note that Walker made use of the damaged relationship of Dee to her mother and sister to show and illustrate the different types of African American people. On the other hand, Langston Hughes shows his love and appreciation for his people in his poem â€Å"My People†. He does not speak of family but his tone and use of words make it seem as if he is speaking of his beloved family. â€Å"The night is beautiful, / So the faces of my people† (lines 1-2). The possessive pronoun â€Å"my† indicates a certain intimacy between him and â€Å"his† people which is usually used for referring to a small group of people who shares something intimate and common such as â€Å"my family†. In this regard, Hughes speaks highly of his race as if he is talking about a family he loves most. â€Å"The stars are beautiful, /  So the eyes of my people† (3-4). The comparison of his people to the heavens indicates the depth of his love and care for them as he would to his family. â€Å"Beautiful, also, is the sun. / Beautiful, also, are the souls of my people† (5-6). In the poem â€Å"Those Winter Sundays†, it can be assumed that Robert Hayden personally speaks through the voice of the speaker in his poem â€Å"Those Winter Sundays†. His distant relationship with his father is evident. In this melancholic poem, he narrates about the concealed appreciation of a son for his father’s acts of love by means of writing it in a prose. The narrator tells about the labors of his father even on a cold winter Sunday. However, in the poem, the speaker emphasizes that his father’s great efforts are usually ignored. The title of the poem itself already suggests a background for the readers. The speaker is obviously focused only on the â€Å"winter Sundays† and why it means too much work for the father. In the first stanza of the poem, the detailed description of the speaker’s father is very noticeable. He illustrated him by means of mentioning his physical condition as he works on cold Sundays. He could have described it in a clearer way by going straight to the point.   Nevertheless, he expressed his father’s poor countenance in a way that the reader can visualize the father’s hands cracked hands and the busy Sundays. The first two lines of the poem somewhat develops a thesis that would cover the whole idea in the poem. â€Å"Sundays too my father got up early / And put his clothes on in the blueblack cold,† (1-2). Sundays should be a day of rest but the speaker stresses that his father still wakes up even before the sun rose to go to work. He further highlights the weary countenance of his father as he describes his father’s â€Å"cracked hands that ached / from labor in the weekday weather made / Banked fires blaze† (3-5). The poem further shows how heartbreaking the father’s situation must be by writing the last line of the first stanza with, â€Å"No one ever thanked him† (5). With the last line, it is reasonable to consider that the speaker is one of those people who failed to thank him. In this regard, it can be assumed that the speaker is already in his old or middle age when he remembers how his father has shown him love in his own way. Clearly, these renowned African-American writers have frequently used the theme of family relationships to further address the problems of their society. The issues of racism, nationalism, and love are the implicit ideas which are present in the three literary pieces discussed. These authors portrays different types of African-American families which serves as the representation of the current society that they are in. since the family is the basic unit of society, it is the primary target of societal effects such as racism and other social issues. Every problem of the society can become the problem of the family which is why the most meaningful literary works of art somewhat involves the theme of family relationships. Works Cited Hayden, Robert. â€Å"Those Winter Sundays.† The Oxford Anthology of African-American Poetry. Ed. Arnold Rampersad, Hilary Herbold. United States of America: Oxford University Press US, 2006. 261. Hughes, Langston. â€Å"My People.† Poem Hunter. 19 April 2009. Walker, Alice. Everyday Use. Ed. Barbara Christian. United States of America: Rutgers University Press, 1994.

Scripting multimedia web pages

Chapter 07: Scripting multimedia web pagesSCRIPTING MULTIMEDIA WEB PAGES LEARNING OUTCOMEUpon the completion of this chapter you should be able to:Understand assorted scripting methods used for web page designing.Know the different types of scheduling linguistic communications.Know the OOP paradigm and Java book.Know OOP paradigm and slangUnderstand the Java 3D theoretical account.Know the assorted multimedia formats.7.1 Scripting multimedia web pagesMultimedia would be lifeless without scripting. Multimedia becomes synergistic when scripting is added to it. The interaction characteristics such as doing a bill of fare button, alteration of colour on axial rotation over of mouse, signifier filling on a web page and compilation and directing that information to another topographic point ; opening a new browser window when choosing a hyperlink ; triping a new sequence when an image is selected or even doing simple games.7.1.1 Types of scheduling linguistic communicationsMachine codification is the most basic type of scheduling.Machine codification is merely one typeIt is composed merely of the two binary figures: 0 and 1.Interpretation of the machine codification depends on the hardware running in the computing machine.Programing linguistic communications are of many types. The most of import linguistic communications are:General-purpose scheduling linguistic communicationScripting scheduling linguistic communicationObject-oriented scheduling linguistic communicationGeneral-purpose scheduling linguistic communications include Java, C and C++ . These linguistic communications are to be compiled by a compiler plan. A compiler is a plan which translates beginning codification written in a peculiar scheduling linguistic communication into computer-readable machine codification that can be executed on its ain. JavaScript, Flash ActionScript and Lingo come under Scripting linguistic communications ; nevertheless it uses Object-oriented linguistic communication every bit good. General characteristics of scripting linguistic communications are:Easy to larn and utilizeNeed non be compiledBy and large interpreted at run-timeAssociated with a diverse scope of bing computing machine constituentsAble to pass on with other scheduling and scripting linguistic communications.7.1.2 Basic control constructionsPrograming linguistic communications have control constructions that direct the flow of information. The three basic control constructions are:sequencechoicerepeatConsecutive control construction:The stairss from start to complete are absolutely carried out one after another, without any break. Selection control construction:These are statements where a true/false pick is made. The ‘ if ‘ statement:If the status is true, so a certain action or actions can be triggered ; if false, so they are ignored. These types of statements are normally known as an ‘if ‘ statement. The ‘if/else ‘ statement:If the status is true, so a certain action or actions can be triggered ; if false, so a certain action or actions can be triggered. Repetition control construction:These are statements that are often acted upon while a peculiar status remains true. While the status is true, the needed actions will be carried out. Equally shortly as the needed status is false, so the cringle will be ignored. It is of import to observe that there must ever be some manner to do a status false. The basic control constructions can besides work together in a sequence or nested within each other to quite complex statements.7.1.3 The OOP paradigmThe scripting languages belong to a set called Object Orientated Programming, or OOP that incorporates Lingo, ActionScript and JavaScript. OOP breaks the sequence of stairss from top to bottom into separate parts called objects that interact with each other in a non-linear manner. OOP is based on grouping scripting information into categories. From a category, multiple cases can be made and used. These cases are referred to as objects. Each object has belongingss and methods. These programming objects are same as existent universe objects. All the objects such as frames, movieClips, films, cast members, buttons, text Fieldss, etc. are merely objects made with codification. They are seeable because they have belongingss such as size, colour, place, etc. and the user can utilize them as they have methods such as drama, halt, edit, etc.Puting up for codificationJavaScript, ActionScript and Lingo have different scripting environments.JavaScript is by and large bound to net pages.ActionScript is inside the frames of a timeline and on objects such as buttons and movieClips.Lingo is like ActionScript, but has different types of books depending on where it is used.Event animal trainersAn event occurs when the mouse is moved or the mouse button is clicked, a key is pressed or a web page is loaded. It is a individual happening though it may be repeated many times a 2nd, such as enterFrame in ActionScript and Lingo. The animal trainer is the piece of codification that every book linguistic communication contains to observe the events. Some event animal trainers are common to JavaScript, ActionScript and Lingo, and some are specific to certain scripting linguistic communication. Common event animal trainers are mouseup, mouseDown and enterFrame JavaScript and ActionScript allow books to be triggered without the event animal trainer, In JavaScript, any codification that is decently added between the book ticket is carried out when loaded into the browser. In ActionScript, any codification that is right added to an single frame in any timeline will be executed when the playhead enters that frame. In Lingo, codification must be with in an event animal trainer.7.1.4 OOP and JavaScriptAll the scripting linguistic communications have default and user defined objects. Default objects are built in the scripting linguistic communication and User defined objects are 1s that are made by you. In scripting linguistic communications like JavaScript, you can hold every bit many cases of a peculiar object category as you like. Your scripting linguistic communication should cognize the specific object case you target and the belongings or method you want to command. One of the most critical belongingss is calling single object cases. In JavaScript, the ‘name ‘ property is added to the HTML elements ticket. For illustration, to call the signifier ‘loginForm ‘ in an HTML use the undermentioned codification:& lt ; signifier name= † loginForm † & gt ;Objects in JavaScript are called the Document Object Model ( DOM ) . DOM is a hierarchy of objects that are contained in each HTML page. These objects are chiefly categorized into three types Window object, papers object and signifier object. Window object is at the top of the hierarchy. Document and form objects are largely manipulated. The signifier object is ever in the papers object. DOM illustration: Text field for login To entree the text in a text field i.e ‘username ‘ located in a signifier called ‘loginForm ‘ on a web page: document.loginForm.userName.value ( read this from right to left ) Here the scripting statement entree the ‘value ‘ belongings of the text field object called ‘userName ‘ that is in the signifier object called ‘loginForm ‘ , which is in bend is in the web page ‘s papers object. The terminal consequence of this statement is text threading value.Properties and methods in JavaScriptProperties Properties are by and large linked to the physical visual aspect of scripting objects. In existent life, objects besides have belongingss. Some belongingss of object are read-only, that is the belongings ‘s value can be retrieved but can non be changed. Other object belongingss can be retrieved and changed. These characteristics are referred to as proving or puting a belongings ‘s value. Example 1: sentence structure: JavaScript – proving a image ‘s width belongingsdocument.greenHondaCRX.width In this illustration, the scripting statement entree the value of the ‘width ‘ belongings of the image object called ‘greenHondaCR ‘ , that is in web page ‘s papers object. Example2: sentence structure: JavaScript – puting a image ‘s width belongingsdocument.greenHondaCRX.width = â€Å" 257 † In this illustration, the scripting statement is puting the value of the ‘width ‘ belongings of the image object called ‘greenHondaCR ‘ to ‘257 ‘ . The ‘greenHondaCR ‘ image object is in web page ‘s papers object. Methods Methods are linked to the intent and actions of an object. Real life objects can besides hold methods/actions. Methods require excess information for the object to transport out the action right. In scripting linguistic communications this excess information is referred to as a methods parametric quantities or statements. Example 3: sentence structure: JavaScript – utilizing the history objecthistory.go ( -1 ) In this illustration, the scripting statement is utilizing the ‘go ‘ method of the history object. Methods are typically recognized by the usage of brackets â€Å" ( ) † after the methods name. The brackets are used to envelop any parametric quantities that you send to the method. In the above illustration, we are directing negative one ( -1 ) , which instructs the ‘go ‘ method of the ‘history ‘ object to lade the old web page.7.1.5 OOP and ActionScriptIn ActionScript, select the object case on phase and enter an case name in the Properties panel. This is same as appellative variables. ActionScript uses aim waies to maintain path of object cases. These waies are laid out like a route map and object should hold a name to look on this route map. This route map is a hierarchy, with the chief timeline at its base. ActionScript shows the object hierarchy in a file by snaping the ‘insert mark way ‘ button situated in the ActionScript Panel. Let us take an illustration â€Å" Target way ‘road map ‘ : Text field and button for login, † where we have two objects a film cartridge holder with a text field in it and a button. They are in the root timeline. Select each point and verify its name in the Properties Panel.The movieClip has the name ‘loginClip ‘ .The text filed in the movieClip is named ‘userName ‘ .The button is name ‘ btnLogin ‘ .Choose the button in the root timeline and open the ActionScript Panel in ‘Expert Mode ‘ Click the ‘Insert a mark way † button.The ‘Insert Target Path ‘ duologue box opens and shows a ocular representation of the ‘road map ‘ of objects presently accessible from the timeline that we are in.In the ‘Insert Target Path ‘ duologue box, choice ‘Dots ‘ and ‘Absolute ‘ options.Click the little plus gestural ‘+ ‘ following to the movieClip icon nam e ‘loginClip ‘ to demo the text field object in it.The existent mark way of the selected movieClip object ‘loginClip ‘ appears.Click the text filed icon ‘userName ‘ , the mark way alters.In ActionScript, absolute mark waies ever start from the _root timeline of the file. Relative mark waies start with the current object selected on phase.Click on the option ‘Relative ‘ .Click on the little plus gestural ‘+ ‘ following to the movieClip icon name ‘loginClip ‘ and select the ‘userName ‘ text field.The mark way alters. Alternatively get downing with ‘_root ‘ it now starts with ‘this ‘ , bespeaking the objects that are presently selected on phase.We have a mark way from the point we have originally selected on phase, the ‘btnLogin ‘ button, to the text field ‘userName ‘ that resides in the movieClip ‘loginClip ‘ .7.1.6 OOP and LingoIn Lingo, the most normally used objects are cast members, and cast member object cases are sprites. In Director the objects must be in the film ‘s dramatis personae to look on the phase. All cast members that are placed in the mark have a default dramatis personae member figure and a alone dramatis personae member name. Through these two dramatis personae member belongingss, Lingo communicates to specific dramatis personae members and its associated sprites. To pass on to single sprite cases in the mark, Lingo uses the fairy ‘s figure. Sprite Number Example In Director, everything that is on the phase goes into a channel in the mark. Merely one fairy can busy a channel. For illustration the fairy ‘s figure is four, the sentence structure to entree the width belongings of this fairy would be:fairy ( 4 ) .widthorthe breadth of sprite 4 Lingo has two types of sentence structure: The first codification sample uses ‘dot ‘ sentence structure, which is in broad usage now. The 2nd illustration is what Lingo calls ‘verbose ‘ sentence structure. Almost any Lingo statement can be written with either dot sentence structure or verbose. In the first ‘dot ‘ syntax illustration, the scripting statement is aiming the fairy object that is in channel four of the mark and accessing its ‘width ‘ belongings. To Lingo, this whole complete line of codification represents one whole number value stand foring the fairy ‘s current breadth in pels. Cast member Name Example In Director, everything that is created or imported into the dramatis personae is allocated a dramatis personae member figure and a alone dramatis personae member name. Choose a dramatis personae member and enter its name in the ‘Cast Member Name ‘ text field. For illustration, a dramatis personae member 2, which its name â€Å" green square † :member ( â€Å" green square † )member ( 2 ) It is standard industry pattern to utilize cast member ‘s name instead that its figure. In some particular fortunes the usage of cast member Numberss would be effectual. For the sprite illustration in Lingo codification, the sentence structure for aiming cast member objects can be written in both ‘dot ‘ and ‘verbose ‘ sentence structure. In the first ‘dot ‘ sentence structure, the scripting statement is aiming the dramatis personae member named â€Å" green square † and accessing its ‘width ‘ belongings. To Lingo, this whole complete line of codification represents one whole number value stand foring the dramatis personae member current breadth in pels.Self cheque 7.11. If more than one dramatis personae member has the same name, what will Lingo make if that name is used in book?7.2 Java 3DJava 3D is a set of criterions that have been broaden under Java 2 for making 3D artworks. Java 3D is a scene graph-based 3D application programming interface ( API ) for the Java platform. It runs on top of either OpenGL or Direct3D.Advantages of Java 3D:Platform Mugwump:It is platform independent as it is an API extension of Java. Object-oriented 3D Artworks:It is carried out by utilizing a scene graph-based 3D artworks theoretical account. Optimized Speed:During runtime, the scene graph of the fastest possible renders is optimized by utilizing the rendition capableness spots. This facilitates the Java 3D to be used in synergistic artworks environments every bit good as high quality artworks. Rise of 3D stevedores:Free handiness of Java 3D VRML97 file stevedore and browser, with their codifications. Support Exotic Devicess:The com.sun.j3d.utils.trackers package provides Fake infinite, Logitech, and Polhemus devices.Disadvantages of Java 3D:Standard Extension API:Java 3D is a standard extension API to the Java2 platform, which is regarded as a hazard factor as it may restrict the portability of Java 3D codification across platforms. Availability Limitation:Sun is the lone key seller that is back uping Java 3D through Solaris and Win32. The cross-platform portability is a serious issue for Java 3D. Concealment of Rendering Pipeline inside informations:Java 3D a high degree API, deliberately hides inside informations of the rendering grapevine from the developer therefore doing it incompatible for applications where such inside informations are required. Heavyweight constituents:Java 3D, being heavyweight, carries out the rendering through native non-Java equal. In general the lightweight and heavyweight constituents of Java do non blend good when placed together in one object or window.7.2.1 Key differences between Java 3D and VRMLProgram attack: In making 3D universes, VRML adopts a content-centric attack and Java 3D adopts a program-centric attack. Flexibility:Java 3D is more lissome in footings of programming manner and the maps available. The better figure of available maps makes Java 3D a better tool in making specific and modified behaviour and applications. Java 3D provides extended support for behaviours, interpolators, niping and hit sensing. Application complexness:VRML is more suited for simple artworks applications where as Java 3D is more suited for making the content or 3D universe applications. File format:VRML has a standardized file format. Java 3D, has capableness to back up compiled codification of low degree API for faster 3D artworks rendering. Compatibility:Java 3D supports VRML objects through the VRML97 stevedore but VRML can non run Java 3D plans. Dynamic fluctuation of scene graph:The scene graph that describes the practical 3D universe created in Java 3D can be changed dynamically but in VRML it is non executable. Vendor support:Most of the sellers support VRML than Java 3D. Some portion of Java 3D is basically evolves from OpenGL. OpenGL is non good suited for developing complicated 3D artworks applications due to programming, debugging, and care attempts.FeaturesMultithreaded scene graph constructionGeneric Real-time API, useable for both visual image and gamblingSupport for retained, compiled-retained, and immediate manners renderingIncludes hardware-accelerated JOGL, OpenGL and Direct3D renderers ( depending on platform )Platform independentNative support for head-mounted showCAVE ( multiple screen projectors )3D spacial soundcomplicated virtual-reality-based position theoretical account with clasp for stereoscopic rendition and complex multi-display constellationsProgrammable shaders, back uping both GLSL and CGImporters for most mainstream formats, like 3DS, OBJ, VRML, X3D, NWN, and FLTStencil bufferSelf cheque 7.21. List out the advantages and disadvantages of java3D7.3 Multimedia FormatsMultimedia elements like sound or pictures are stored in med ia files. Detect the file extension to place the media type. If the file is an HTML page, the browser spots the file extensions as.htm or.html. If it is an XML file, the browser spots it as.xml extension and the manner sheet is spotted as.css. Image formats are identified by extensions like.gif and.jpg.Windows Multimedia Formats:Windows media files have the extensions like.asf, .asx, .wma, and.wmv. Advanced Streaming Format ( ASF ) ASF is peculiarly designed to run over the Internet. ASF files include audio, picture, slide shows, and synchronised events. These files should be good compressed and are delivered as a changeless flow of informations. The file size is non restricted but should be good compressed to fit assorted bandwidths. Advanced Stream Redirector Format ( ASX ) ASX files are metafiles that provide information about files used to depict multimedia content. These are field text files Windows Media Audio Format ( WMA ) WMA format is developed by Microsoft to manage all types of audio content. Similar to ASF arrange these files excessively should be good compressed and are delivered as a changeless flow of informations. The file size is non restricted but should be good compressed to fit assorted bandwidths. Windows Media Video Format ( WMV ) WMV format is developed by Microsoft to manage all types of picture content. Similar to ASF arrange these files excessively should be good compressed and are delivered as a changeless flow of informations. The file size is non restricted but should be good compressed to fit assorted bandwidths. Windows Media Audio Redirector Format ( WAX ) WAX files are similar to ASX files, but designed to depict audio files. Windows Media Player Format ( WMP ) WMP files and WMX are reserved file types for future usage by Windows. Multimedia elements like sound or picture besides have their ain file formats with different extensions.General-purpose FormatsMatroska File Format:which aims to be an all-enclusive, unfastened multimedia container format. Acorn Replay File Format:Acorn Replay ( RPL ) file format used on RISC OS machines. The format is frequently seen on Eidos games, but is designed as a all-purpose format.Self cheque 7.31. List out assorted multimedia formats and their utilizations.7.4 SummaryThis is the 7th faculty for the multimedia web development class. This faculty explains about the different types of programming linguistic communications such as General-purpose scheduling linguistic communication, Scripting programming linguistic communication and Object-oriented scheduling linguistic communication.In this chapter you have learnt about control constructions that direct the flow of information in scheduling linguistic communication. Additionally you have learnt the different types of control construction such as sequence, choice and RepeatIn add-on, this faculty pointed out the OOP paradigm and JavaScript. Further you have learnt about Properties and methods in JavaScript.It besides explained the Java 3D, a scen e graph-based 3D application programming Interface.Finally you have learnt about the advantages and disadvantages of Java 3D and the cardinal differences between Java 3D and VRMLCardinal TERMSDOM – Document Object Model ASF – Advanced Streaming Format ASX – Advanced Stream Redirector Format WMA – Windows Media Audio Format WMV – Windows Media Video Format WMP – Windows Media Player Format WAX – Windows Media Audio Redirector Format MentionDavid Miller ( 1996 ) : Web multimedia development – pages 649 ; ISBN1562056832, 9781562056834 Timothy Paul Garrand ( 2001 ) : Writing for multimedia and the web – Pages 341 ; ISBN0240803817, 9780240803814 Stephen McGloughlin ( 2009 ) : Multimedia on the Web – Pages 193 ; ISBN1575766485, 9781575766485 Timothy Paul Garrand ( 2006 ) : Writing for multimedia and the Web: a practical usher to content development for synergistic media – Pages 478 ; ISBN0240808223, 9780240808222 ActivityA. True/False Questions 1. Machine codification is composed merely of the two binary figures 0 and 1. ( TRUE/FALSE ) 2. Multimedia would be lifeless without scripting. ( TRUE/FALSE ) 3. Programing linguistic communications do non hold control constructions to direct the flow of information. ( TRUE/FALSE ) 4. OOPs is based on grouping scripting information into categories. ( TRUE/FALSE ) 5. In OOP ‘s each object does non hold belongingss and methods. ( TRUE/FALSE ) 6. An event will non happen when the mouse is moved or the mouse button is clicked. ( TRUE/FALSE ) 7. ActionScript uses aim waies to maintain path of object cases. ( TRUE/FALSE ) 8. Java 3D is a scene graph-based 3D application programming interface ( TRUE/FALSE ) 9. Java 3D is platform dependant. ( TRUE/FALSE ) 10. WMV format is developed by Microsoft to manage all types of picture content. ( TRUE/FALSE ) B. Multiple Choice1. The different types of scheduling linguistic communications are __________ A ) General-purpose scheduling linguistic communication B ) Scripting programming linguistic communication C ) Object-oriented scheduling linguistic communication D ) All the above 2. In _____________ the stairss from start to complete are absolutely carried out one after another, without any break. A ) Sequential control construction B ) Selection control construction C ) Repetition control construction D ) None of the above 3. The OOP stands for A ) Object Operating Programing B ) Original Orientated Programming C ) Object Orientated Programming D ) Object Orientated Patch 4. Which of The followers is a basic control constructions? A ) sequence B ) choice C ) A & A ; B D ) None of the above 5. In OOPs the cases are referred to as ________ A ) Properties B ) Objects C ) Methods D ) None of the above 6. Objects in JavaScript are called the ____________- A ) Document Oriented Model B ) Document Object Model C ) A & A ; B D ) None of the above 7. ____________ shows the object hierarchy in a file by snaping the ‘insert mark way ‘ button A ) ActionScript B ) OOP C ) Lingo D ) All the above 8. In making 3D universes, VRML adopts a _________________ and Java 3D adopts a __________________ A ) content-centric attack, program-centric attack. B ) program-centric attack, content-centric attack C ) program-centric attack, program-centric attack D ) None of the above 9. Extensions used by Windows media files are A ) .asf B ) .asx C ) .wma, D ) All the above 10. __________files are metafiles that provide information about files used to depict multimedia content. A ) WMA B ) WMV C ) ASX D ) All the above Chapter 7: Answers ( True/False Questions ) 1. T 2. Thymine 3. F 4. Thymine 5. F 6. F 7. T 8. Thymine 9. F 10. Thymine Answer ( Multiple Choice Questions ) 1. D 2. Angstrom 3. C 4. C 5. B 6. Bacillus 7. A 8. Angstrom 9. D 10. C

Nike Sweat Shops Essays - Economy, Clothing, Business, Fashion

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4 Options for Converting Slides to Digital Format Got stacks of slide carousels loaded up with old family photos? Unfortunately, the pictures on those slides are probably fading as you read this. Now is the time to save those memories for future generations by converting them to digital format.   There are  four  major options for digitizing 35mm  slides. Flatbed Scanner Many traditional flatbed scanners do a good job at slide scanning as well. Look for a scanner that is designed to scan negatives and slides in addition to traditional paper photos and documents. The optical (not digital) resolution should be at least 2400 dpi or greater. Many flatbed scanners require an extra transparency adapter attachment for scanning slides- sometimes it comes with the scanner, and sometimes you have to buy it separately. Good bundled scanning software is also a must, to give you control over the final results, although Hamricks VueScan offers an excellent alternative and works with most flatbed scanners. Read user and editorial reviews to find a flatbed scanner that handles slides well before you buy. Dedicated Film Scanner From an image quality standpoint, the best method for digitizing your slides is to use a high resolution dedicated film/slide scanner. They can be fairly expensive, so probably not the best option unless you literally have thousands of slides to scan. Dedicated film scanners do, however, offer excellent resolution, and the control they offer over the final images is something you generally dont have when you opt for a professional scanning service. Slide Duplicator If you own a good digital SLR (single lens reflex) camera, a slide duplicator, or  duper, offers a good, inexpensive option for digitizing your slides. A slide duplicator attaches to your DSLR cameras in place of the lens, using a T-mount adapter ring. The other end of the duper is a sliding gate that holds two slides. The duper also has an internal lens, with a fixed aperture and focusing distance, that focuses the slides image onto your DSLRs imaging plane so that you can then take a picture of the slide. While slide duplicators are  inexpensive and easy to use (they require no electricity or a computer since you can take the pictures directly onto your cameras flash card), dupers do not offer the digital quality you can get from a flatbed or film scanner. In most cases, youll find that some image cropping is unavoidable. Most digital cameras also dont offer the dynamic range (the amount of gradation between light and dark in the photo) of a scanner, which can affect the photos shadow detail. Scanners generally offer a better resolution (a 3200 optical dpi scanner is about equivalent to a 12-megapixel digital camera) as well, so if you want to print larger photos from your slides, this may be a deal breaker. Professional Photo Shop If you dont have too many slides, or if youre not very comfortable with computers and software, then your best bet is probably to opt for a professional service to scan your slides for you. Many such services can be found on the Internet, but you may find more peace of mind by checking with local photo labs. Definitely shop around because pricing and quality control vary widely. Do be sure to ask whether the photoshop cleans and scans each slide individually. If they batch scan, you probably wont be happy with the quality. Tips for Scanning Slides The trick to getting good digital scans of your slides is to start with clean slides. Dust both sides of each slide off with a quick hit of compressed air and be careful not to touch the emulsion. Make sure your computer is fairly new with a fast processor and plenty of memory and hard drive space to store all of the digital images. A plug-in external hard drive is a good option when scanning slides or photos. We highly recommend that you scan directly into a good photo organization/editing program such as Photoshop Elements, which can drastically cut down on the time spent scanning as you can save naming the files, cropping, rotating, etc for later once, the images are all on your computer in the organizer. After scanning, back up your new digital files onto DVDs - and make extra copies to share with your family members!